evelyngarcia

The Rise and Fall of Communism RUSSIAN REVOULTION Seen to remove both Nicholas II and the Romanov Dynasty from their held power World War I was the catalyst for this revolution and was, in theory, led by ordinary soldiers These people looked to an end to the terrible war and despised their upper-class officials so they deserted in mass many trade unions were formed and soviets emerged to speak out for ordinary people Peasants as well, seized landlords' estates and took over the land for themselves Lenin came to power and ended the war for Russia This revolution also officially claimed Russia as communist CHINESE REVOLUTON Resulted in the triumphing of communism in China in 1949 It lasted several decades and was pretty different from its Russian counterpart It was primarily a result of the CCP being found in 1921 since Marx's ideas were not known in China at the time This group slowly developed over time contributing to the revolution Peasants were not seen to...

The End of Empire and Global South to Global Stage END OF EMPIRE IN WORLD HISTORY  The 20th centuries witnessed the demise of many empires: Austrian and Ottoman empires collapsed after WWI. = new states WWII ended the German and Japanese empires African and Asian movements for independece shared national self determination Powerful influence of United States in Latin America Desinegration of Soviet Union in 1991 = birth to new national states   AFRICAN AND ASIAN INDEPENDENCE  United states and Soviet Union, the new global superpowers, generally opposed to older European colonial empires The colonies had been integrated into a global economic network and local elites were largely committed to maintaining those links Europe wanted profitable economic interests in Asia and Africa without the expense of trouble of a colonial government Leaders made political parties in all Asia and Africa: Gandhi in India, Sukarno in Indonesia, Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam,...

Empires in collision Middle East and East Asia WESTERN PRESSURES 1830s British and Americans found enormous, growing profitable market for this addictive drug: OPIUM Chinese authorities recognized problem illegal trade=corruption  China found itself with many millions of addicts British offended by the seizure of their property in opium – sent a naval expedition to China  First Opium War OPIUM WARS    First Opium War – Treaty of Nanjing on British terms, imposed numerous restrictions on Chinese sovereignty and opened 5 ports to European traders For China this was = “unequal treaties”  Britains victory in a Second Opium War accompanied by a brutal vandalizing of emperor´s exquisite Summer Palace  British wanted more ports , now foreigners allowed to travel freely and buy land in China and preach Christianity China lost control of Vietnam, Korea and Taiwan. China was being “carved up" OTTOMAN EMPIRE Islamic world repr...

COLONIAL ENCOUNTERS IN ASIA AND AFRICA  INDUSTRY AND EMPIRE —  New economic needs found solutions abroad created the need for extensive raw materials and agricultural products: —  Bananas from Central America —  Rubber from Brazil —  Meat from Argentina —  Cocoa and Palm oil from West Africa —  Gold and Diamonds from South Africa By 1840, Britain was exporting 60% of its cotton-cloth production, sending millions of yards to Europe Between 1910 and 1914 Britain was sending about half of its savings overseas as foreign investment RACE AND CULTURE —  Europeans had defined others largely in religious terms, now they adopted the idea and techniques of more “advanced” societies precedented by wealth, and used both to produce unsurpassed military power. —  Its not surprising that their opinions of other cultures dropped sharply The sense of responsability to the “weaker” races  Europeans had the “duty to civilize the inferior races” “Discipline and produc...

REVOLUTIONS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION  The global context for this transformation lies in the very substantial increase in human numbers From 375 million in 1400 to 1 billion in 19th century Industrial Revolution marks a human response to that dilemma as nonrenewable fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas replaced the endlessly renewable energy sources of wind, water and wood Raw materials to feed to fuel industrial machinery- coal iron, petroleum altered landscape in many places Industrial Revolution marked a new era in both human history and the history of the planet INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Technological innovations:  The Spinning Jenny Power Loom Steam Engine Cotton Gin = culture of innovation Industrial Revolution spread beyond textile industry to iron and steel production, railroads, steamships, food processing and construction Second Industrial Revolution focused on chemicals, electricity,...

Atlantic Revolutions(continued) American Independence   With considerable aid from the French, who were please to harm the British rivals. The revolution accelerated the democratic tendencies of the colonial societies, political authority remained largely in the hands of existing elites who led the revolution No women or people of color shaped these gains Slavery was gradually abolished in the northern states while in the southern states remained United States became the most democratic country, gradually working in a reformist fashion of earlier practices and principles of equality announced in the Declaration of Independence Bill of Rights, checks and balances, separation of church and state and federalism French Revolution In desperate effort to raise taxes, Louis XVI called into session, the Estates General (consisted in 3 estates): The Clergy, the Nobility and the Commoners The 3rd estate (commoners) organized themselves as the National ...