Chapter 19

Empires in collision Middle East and East Asia

 WESTERN PRESSURES


  • 1830s British and Americans found enormous, growing profitable market for this addictive drug: OPIUM Chinese authorities recognized problem
    • illegal trade=corruption 

  • China found itself with many millions of addicts

  • British offended by the seizure of their property in opium – sent a naval expedition to China
    •  First Opium War


 OPIUM WARS   


  • First Opium War – Treaty of Nanjing on British terms, imposed numerous restrictions on Chinese sovereignty and opened 5 ports to European traders


    • For China this was = “unequal treaties” 

  • Britains victory in a Second Opium War accompanied by a brutal vandalizing of emperor´s exquisite Summer Palace

  •  British wanted more ports , now foreigners allowed to travel freely and buy land in China and preach Christianity

  • China lost control of Vietnam, Korea and Taiwan. China was being “carved up"

OTTOMAN EMPIRE
  • Islamic world represented a highly successful civilization that felt little need to learn from the “infidels” or “barbarians” of the West
  • Ottoman Empire protected its pilgrims on their way to the Mecca
  • The growing West by the end of the 19th century, Ottoman Empire was no longer able to deal with Europe
  • Great West saw Ottoman Empire as the SICK MAN OF EUROPE

 SICK MAN OF EUROPE
  • Ottoman Empire shrank considerably at the hands of British, Austrian and French aggression
  • In 1798 Napoleon invasion of Egypt was a stunning blow
  • Led to Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria achieved independence based on their own surging for nationalism with the support of the British (army, trade)
  • Ottoman state weakened
    • particularly its ability to raise necessary revenue to fight
    • technological and military gap with the West was growing
  • Competition from cheap European manufacturer goods hits Ottoman Empire
    • Ottoman Empire falls into a dependency on Europe

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