Chapter 15

Cultural Transformations

Globalization of Christianity
  • Christianity was basically limited to only Europe in the beginning of the Modern Era but then in the 1500s it spread out from Spain to England and West Russia
  • Later on it divided and created other branches of religion such as: Roman Catholic of Western and Central Europe, and Eastern Orthodox of Eastern Europe
Protestant Reformation 
  • Began in 1517 when priest Martin Luther brought attention to the various abuses within the Roman Catholic church such as: corruption, "immortality to some clergy, etc.
  • Martin Luther taught about the "new understanding to salvation, only through faith alone", so basically faith was considered a free gift.
  • He believed that religious authority was not something to be taught in the Church, but the Bible said otherwise which lead to people challenging the authority of the church.
  •  Martin Luther brought and created socials tensions and religious differences
Protestants vs. Catholics 
  •  Protestants emphasized the importance to reading the Bible which lead to the beginning of literacy for women 
  • Reformation thinking spread through the German country which is when the printing press was developed
  • From the Protestant churches others branched out such as: Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican, Quaker, Anabaptist
  • Thirty Years War Catholic-Protestant= violence between the Catholic and the Protestants known as Huguenots
Christianity Outward
  • Religion drove Europeans to venture abroad which brought faith to conquered homelands
  • New England Protestant: emphasis on education, moral munity, civic responsibility
  • Missionary orders: Jesuits, Franciscans, Dominicans took lead in Africa, Philippines and Latin America
  • Christianity represented major cultural tradition in Latin America


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