Chapter 14

January 18
Chapter 14

 -Commerce and Consequences 

  • The Slave Trade was a component of the international networks of exchange that that helped build human interactions throughout the centuries
  • European worked their way into the ancient spice trade of the Indian Ocean which developed new relationships with Asian societies as a result
  • Silver obtained from mines in Spanish America enriched the economy of Europe
-Europeans and Asian Commerce 

  • The voyage (1497-1499) of the Portuguese mariner Vasco da Gama in which Europeans sailed to India for the first time was the outcome of deliberate effort to explore a sea route to the East by slowly down the West African coast around the tip of South Africa to finally across the Indian Ocean in 1498 (in other words it was planned in a sense)
  • Had the desire to look for tropical spices such as cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, cloves, pepper
  • Chinese Silk and Indian Cotton
-A Portuguese Empire of Commerce 

  • Spain, France, and England were learning how to tax their citizens more effectively and build substantial military forces equipped with weapons
  • Portuguese attempt a sea route to India that both passed Benetian and Muslim intermediaries.
  • Portuguese soon learned that most Indian Ocean merchant ships were not heavily armed so they had military advantage that made them establish several key locations within the Indian Ocean 
    • Mombasa in East Africa, Homuz at the Persian Golf, Goa on the Coast of India, Macao on the coast of China
  • Portuguese authorities in the East tried to require all merchant vessels to purchase a cartaz or pass to pay 6 to 10% of their cargoes
  • They blocked the Red Sea route to the Mediterranean
-Spain and the Philippines 

  • Spain was the firs to challenge Portugal’s position
  • They establish themselves on what became the Philippine Islands(named after King Philip II)
  • These spice islands which were both small and weak societies encouraged Spanish to establish colonial rule
  • Even though Christendom was spreading, the Islam gained strength in resistance of Spanish colonial rule
-East India Companies "The Companies"

  • Northern European powers were both military and economically stronger than Portuguese
  • The British India Company and the Dutch East India Company received support from government  
  • Dutch were in control of spices such as cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg
  • Production was sold to Dutch
  • Slave labor forced to produce nutmeg crop in islands of Indonesia
  • It was private company

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