Chapter 13

January 16

 Chapter 13:

 -European Empires in America 

  • Spanish directed their focus on the Caribbean when trying to build their empire, then in the 16th century they moved towards the Aztecs and the Incas empires because of how fragile and vulnerable they were
  • Portuguese established themselves along the coast of Brazil
-The European Advantages 

  • Portugal, Spain, Britain and France were closer to the Americas than Asian competitors
  • Fixed winds of the Atalntic blew in the same direction
  • European mapmaking, navigation, sailing techniques helped them when traveling 
  • Economics were in a good place 
  • Began growing sugar, tobacco, meat and fish
  • Missionaries wanted to enlarge the belief of Christendom
  • Many just wanted a fresh start and new life 
 -The Great Dying 

  • Aztec and Inca empires had no immunities to Europes diseases such as the smallpox, measles, typhus, malaria and yellow fever which lead to Native American people died in a increasing  numbers
  • Caribbean islands basically vanished from 10 million to 1 million by 1650
  • More than 90% died (60million to 80million)
-The Columbian Exchange

  • Labor shortage made room for immigrant newcomers which was a combination of indigenous, European and African created a new society in the Americas
  • Europeans and Africans brought not only their germs and their people but also their plants and animals 
  • horses, pigs, cattle, goat and sheep were new domesticated animals which were not know to the Native American or indigenous 
  • The slave trade which bought these workers to the colonies, and the sugar and cotton trade, which distributed the fruits of their labor abroad, created a lasting link to Africa

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